PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENDONOR TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN GINJAL MANUSIA DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN YANG BERKEADILAN

Transplantasi organ telah menjadi kebutuhan bagi penderita gagal organ yang merupakan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kedokteran, dan telah berhasil menyembuhkan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan transplantasi organ sejatinya tidak terlepas dari peran serta donor organ. Keselamatan dan kesejahteraan donor organ selalu menjadi pusat proses donasi untuk meminimalkan risiko semaksimal mungkin dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang berkeadilan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengapa perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan belum berkeadilan? (2) Bagaimana regulasi perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan saat ini? (3) Bagaimana konsep penguatan regulasi perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang berkeadilan? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif empiris yaitu penelitian yang menggunakan data sekunder sebagai data utamanya, sedangkan data primernya sebagai data penunjang, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan sistem hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan belum berkeadilan karena belum terpenuhinya jaminan perlindungan hak kesehatan pendonor organ dalam melangsungkan hidup paska transplantasi dan belum diatur secara rinci pemenuhan hak keberlangsungan hidup pendonor paska transplantasi yang menjadi hak konstitusional pendonor sebagai warga negara. (2) Regulasi perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan saat ini telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, yang mengatur mengenai trasplantasi organ untuk penyembuhan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Peraturan Pelaksana Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan; dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 38 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Transplantasi Organ, yang telah mengatur mengenai penghargaan berupa asuransi kesehatan dan asuransi kematian. (3) Konsep penguatan regulasi perlindungan hukum pendonor transplantasi organ ginjal manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang berkeadilan dilakukan melalui perubahan terhadap ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, terutama yang mengatur mengenai perolehan organ donor yang dilakukan secara sukarela; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Peraturan Pelaksana Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, terutama yang mengatur mengenai setiap donor wajib memperoleh penghargaan karena tidak dapat melakukan kegiatan atau pekerjaan secara optimal selama proses transplantasi dan pemulihan kesehatan; Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 38 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Transplantasi Organ terutama yang mengatur mengenai setiap pendonor wajib memperoleh asuransi kesehatan dan asuransi kematian.
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Organ transplantation has become a necessity for people with organ failure which is an advance in medical science and technology, and has successfully cured diseases and restored health. The success of organ transplantation is actually inseparable from the participation of organ donors. The safety and well-being of organ donors has always been at the center of the donation process to minimize risk as much as possible in equitable health services . The problems in this study are (1) Why is the legal protection of human kidney transplant donors in health services not fair? (2) What are the regulations on the legal protection of human kidney transplant donors in health services today? (3) What is the concept of strengthening regulations on the legal protection of human kidney transplant donors in equitable health services? This research method uses empirical normative juridical research, namely research that uses secondary data as the main data, while the primary data as supporting data, with a legal and regulatory approach, conceptual, and comparative legal systems. The results of the study show that: (1) The legal protection of human kidney organ transplant donors in health services has not been fair because the guarantee of protection of the health rights of organ donors in living after transplantation has not been fulfilled and the fulfillment of the right to survival of post-transplant donors has not been regulated in detail, which is the constitutional right of donors as citizens. (2) Regulations on the legal protection of human kidney organ transplant donors in health services are currently regulated in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, which regulates organ transplantation for disease healing and health recovery; Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health; and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 38 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Organ Transplantation, which has regulated awards in the form of health insurance and death insurance. (3) The concept of strengthening regulations on the legal protection of human kidney organ transplant donors in equitable health services is carried out through amendments to the provisions of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, especially those that regulate the acquisition of donor organs that are carried out voluntarily; Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, especially those that regulate that every donor is required to receive an award for not being able to carry out activities or work optimally during the transplant and health recovery process; Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 38 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Organ Transplantation, especially which regulates that every donor is required to obtain health insurance and death insurance.