Rekonstruksi Pengaturan Jaminan Hak Tanggungan Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank Untuk Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum

UUHT merupakan perwujudan janji UUPA, dengan disahkannya UUHT
selain mengakhiri dualisme hukum jaminan, juga untuk menghapus peranan
hipotek dan credietverband yang dianggap sudah tidak mampu lagi mengikuti
perkembangan perekonomian yang semakin pesat. Pembangunan ekonomi
memerlukan perbankan sebagai lembaga kredit dengan jaminan hak tanggungan
atas tanah yang belum bersertipikat. Tanah yang belum bersertipikat pada
prakteknya mengalami kesulitan sebagai jaminan dalam perjanjian kredit bank.
Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini: (1) Apakah hak atas tanah yang belum
bersertipikat dapat dijadikan jaminan hak tanggungan dalam perjanjian kredit
bank?, (2) Bagaimana pengaturan jaminan hak tanggungan atas tanah yang belum
bersertipikat dalam perjanjian kredit bank saat ini? (3) Bagaimana rekonstruksi
pengaturan jaminan hak tanggungan dalam perjanjian kredit bank untuk
mewujudkan kepastian hukum? Kerangka teoritik 1. Grand Theory Teori Tujuan
Hukum, 2. Middle Theory Teori Bekerjanya Hukum, 3 Applied Theory Teori
Kepastian Hukum dan Teori Sistem Hukum, Metode penelitian menggunakan
penelitian yuridis normatif empiris, dikaji dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang
undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus, metode pengumpulan data
dengan data primer, data skunder dan data tersier. Data sekunder terdiri dari bahan
hukum Primer, sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier, setelah data terkumpul lengkap
selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif yang bersifat preskriptif.
Hasil penelitian ditemukan fakta: (1) Hak atas tanah yang belum
bersertipikat dapat dijadikan jaminan hak tanggungan dalam perjanjian kredit bank
dengan syarat tanah tersebut telah memiliki Nomor Identifikasi Bidang Tanah
(NIB) dan sudah ada peta bidang tanah (PBT) (2) Pengaturan jaminan hak
tanggungan atas tanah yang belum bersertipikat dalam perjanjian kredit bank saat
ini diatur dalam Pasal 10 ayat (3), dan pengikatannya diatur dalam pasal 15 ayat
(4) UUHT, (3) Rekonstruksi jaminan hak tanggungan dalam perjanjian kredit bank
untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum dengan menggunakan teori sistem hukum
yaitu: 1) substansi hukum diatur pada pasal 10 Ayat (3) UUHT prakteknya Hak
Tanggungan tidak dapat dilakukan bersamaan dengan pendaftaran hak atas tanah.
Pasal 10 ayat (3) dan pasal 15 ayat (4) UUHT relevansinya perlu dikaji ulang
dengan adanya Permen ATR/BPN No. 5 Tahun 2020 tentang HT-el, 2) struktur
hukum lahirnya hak tanggungan karena adanya perjanjian kredit, pengikatan
jaminan HT atas tanah belum bersertipikat menggunakan SKMHT, setelah proses
sertipikat menjadi atas nama pemberi HT selesai, segera dilakukan penanda
tanganan APHT, 3) budaya hukum karena: a)faktor masyarakat, b) Faktor
Budaya,c)Faktor Hukum, d) faktor sarana dan prasarana, dan e) Faktor Ekonomi.
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Mortgage law (UUHT) is the realization of the promise of agrarian law (UUPA),
with the ratification of UUHT, apart from ending the dualism of collateral law, it
also eliminates the role of mortgages and credit unions which are considered no
longer able to keep up with increasingly rapid economic developments. Economic
development requires banking as a credit institution with collateral for mortgage
rights on land that has not yet been certified. In practice, land that has not been
certified has difficulties as collateral in bank credit agreements. The problems in
this research: (1) Can uncertified land rights be used as collateral for mortgage
rights in bank credit agreements? (2) What are the arrangements for collateral for
mortgage rights over uncertified land in current bank credit agreements? (3) How
to reconstruct the collateral arrangements for mortgage rights in bank credit
agreements to create legal certainty? Theoretical framework 1. Grand Theory
Theory of Legal Objectives, 2. Middle Theory Theory of the Working of the Law,
3 Applied Theory Theory of Legal Certainty and Legal System Theory, Research
method uses empirical normative juridical research, studied using the statutory
regulations approach, conceptual approach and case approach , data collection
method with primary data, secondary data and tertiary data. Secondary data consists
of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. After the data has been collected
completely, it is then analyzed qualitatively with a prescriptive nature.
The results of the research found the following facts: (1) Uncertified land rights can
be used as collateral for mortgage rights in bank credit agreements provided that
the land has a Land Plot Identification Number (NIB) and a land plot map (PBT)
(2) Collateral arrangements Mortgage rights over land that has not been certified in
a bank credit agreement are currently regulated in Article 10 paragraph (3), and
binding is regulated in Article 15 paragraph (4) UUHT, (3) Reconstruction of
collateral for mortgage rights in bank credit agreements to create legal certainty by
using legal system theory, namely: 1) the legal substance is regulated in Article 10
Paragraph (3) UUHT, in practice Mortgage Rights cannot be carried out
simultaneously with registration of land rights. The relevance of Article 10
paragraph (3) and Article 15 paragraph (4) UUHT needs to be reviewed in light of
the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation No. 5 of 2020 concerning HT-el, 2) the legal
structure of the birth of mortgage rights due to a credit agreement, the binding of
HT collateral for uncertified land using Power of Attorney Imposing Mortgage
Rights (SKMHT), after the certificate process becomes in the name of the HT giver
is completed, the APHT is immediately signed, 3) legal culture due to: a)
community factors, b) cultural factors, c) legal factors, d) facilities and
infrastructure factors, and e) economic factors.