Pembentukan Produk Hukum Desa Dalam Mewujudkan Good Village Governance

Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di tingkat desa tidak terlepas dari upaya dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan desa yang baik (Good Village Governance). Good Village Governance merupakan penerapan prinsip-priinsip dasar good governance dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Terdapat tiga pilar elemen dasar yang saling berkaitan satu sama lainnya dalam meingimplementasikan Good Village Governance yaitu, transparansi, akuntabilitas dan partisipasi. Keterbukaan (transparansi) dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa mutlak diperlukan sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban (akuntabilitas) atas semua keputusan dan kebijakan yang telah diambil dan dilaksanakan. Keterbukaan juga dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan peran serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan dengan memberi masukan, dukungan sekaligus kontrol teirhadap jalannya pemerintahan desa.Jika tiga pilar tersebut dilaksanakan dengan baik, maka akan terwujudnya tata kelola pemerintahan desa yang baik (Good Village Governance). Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah : 1. Mengapa pembentukan produk hukum desa belum optimal dengan prinsip Good Village Governance? 2. Bagaimana kebijakan pembentukan produk hukum desa yang optimal dengan Good Village Governance? 3. Bagaimanakah pembentukan produk hukum desa dalam upaya mewujudkan Good Village Governance?. Metode pendekatan ini menggunakan yuridis normatif empiris dengan menggunakan Bahan hukum primer yang meliputi peraturan perundang-undang mulai dari Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, undang-undang yang terkait dengan tema penelitian seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa dan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Bahan hukum sekunder yang terdapat dalam buku, jurnal maupun karya tulis lainnya serat menggunakan bahan hukum tersier dalam bentuk kamus hukum atau yang sejenisnya. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data wawancara narasumber data yang diperoleh dipilah-pilah sesuai bahan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan :1. tipe kepala desa ada empat yaitu; Pertama, Kepala Desa yang bertipe konservatif, Kedua, Kepala Desa yang bertipe bandit atau pemangsa, yang tidak melakulkan reformasi tetapi melakukan korulpsi. Ketiga, Kepala Desa yang bertipe inovatif-progresif, Keempat, Kepala Desa bertipe petarung (kombatan), Kepemimpinan inovatif-progresif. l. Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa sangatlah penting dalam perkembangan desa. 2. Perlu diformulasikan norma peraturan desa dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan karena Produk Hukum desa hanya diatur ditingkat Menteri sehingga perlu dikuatkan ke dalam Undang-undang No 12 tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang- Undangan agar kedudukan produk hukum desa jelas dengan menambahakan “Peraturan Desa” di Pasal 7 ayat 1. 3. Dengan adanya pembaharuan pemerintahan desa pasca disahkanya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, maka secara normatif, prinsip good village governance, akan lebih menunjukkan bahwa pemerintahan desa mampu membuktikan kapasitas kepemerintahannya.
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The implementation of governance at the village level is inseparable from efforts to realize good village governance. Good Village Governance is the application of the basic principles of good governance in village governance. There are three basic element pillars that are interrelated with each other in implementing Good Village Governance, namely, transparency, accountability and participation. Transparency in village governance is absolutely necessary as a form of accountability for all decisions and policies that have been taken and implemented. Openness is also needed to increase the role and participation of the community in development by providing input, support as well as control over the running of the village government. If the three pillars are implemented properly, good village governance will be realized. The problems in this research are: 1. Why is the formation of village legal products not optimal with the principles of Good Village Governance? 2. What is the policy for the formation of optimal village legal products with Good Village Governance? 3. How is the formation of village legal products in an effort to realize Good Village Governance? 3. How is the formation of village legal products in an effort to realize Good Village Governance? This method of approach uses empirical normative juridical using primary legal materials which include laws and regulations starting from the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, laws related to research themes such as Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislation. Secondary legal materials contained in books, journals and other written works using tertiary legal materials in the form of legal dictionaries or the like. This research also uses interview data, the data obtained is sorted according to legal materials. The results showed: 1. there are four types of village heads, namely; First, the Village Head who is a conservative type, Second, the Village Head who is a bandit or predator type, who does not reform but conducts corruption. Third, the innovative-progressive type Village Head, Fourth, the fighter type Village Head (combatant), innovative-progressive leadership. The leadership of the Village Head is very important in the development of the village. 2. It is necessary to formulate the norms of village regulations in the formation of laws and regulations because village legal products are only regulated at the Ministerial level so that it needs to be strengthened in Law No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislation so that the position of village legal products is clear by adding “Village Regulations” in Article 7 paragraph 1. 3. With the renewal of village governance after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, normatively, the principle of good village governance will further demonstrate that village governments are able to prove their governance capacity.