KEWENANGAN RAPAT UMUM PEMEGANG SAHAM DAPAT MERETROAKTIFKAN TINDAKAN ULTRA VIRES DIREKSI DALAM PERSEROAN TERBATAS YANG BERKEADILAN

Perseroan Terbatas sebagai subjek hukum diperlukan organ untuk menjalin hubungan hukum dengan pihak ketiga dan mewujudkan eksistensinya secara nyata untuk menjalankan
usaha. Para pemegang saham melalui komisarisnya melimpahkan kewenangannya kepada Direksi untuk menjalankan dan mengembangkan perusahaan. Tindakan Direksi yang tidak termasuk dalam tujuan perseroan terbatas, atau tindakan yang berada di luar kecakapan bertindak perseroan terbatas tergolong ke dalam perbuatan ultra vires. Seorang Direksi
melakukan tindakan ultra vires dalam menjalankan tugasnya, maka Direksi tersebut dapat digugat oleh pemegang saham. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya: (1) Bagaimana
pengaturan rapat umum pemegang saham dapat meretroaktifkan tindakan ultra vires Direksi saat ini ? (2) Mengapa rapat umum pemegang saham dapat meretroaktifkan tindakan ultra vires Direksi belum berkeadilan ? dan (3) Bagaimana kewenangan rapat umum pemegang saham dapat meretroaktifkan tindakan ultra vires Direksi dalam perseroan terbatas yang berkeadilan ? Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif empiris, suatu penelitian yang menggunakan data sekunder sebagai data utamanya, sedangkan data primer sebagai data penunjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa: (1) Pengaturan rapat umum pemegang saham dapat meretroaktifkan tindakan ultra vires Direksi saat ini diatur pada Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Ketentuan Pasal 92 UUPT bahwa Direksi menjalankan pengurusan Perseroan untuk kepentingan Perseroan dan sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan Perseroan. Direksi di dalam melakukan pengurusan perseroan, baik di dalam dan di luar pengadilan dilarang melakukan ulta vires.(2) Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham dapat meretroaktifkan
tindakan ultra vires Direksi belum berkeadilan karena dipengaruhi faktor internal tidak ada ketentuan yang mengatur secara tegas, khusus dan spesifik terkait tindakan ultra vires yang dilakukan oleh Direksi. Sedangkan faktor eksternal bahwa Indonesia tidak menerima doktrin ultra vires, karena tidak dijumpai adanya aturan atau norma dalam sistem hukumnya yang menentukannya secara tegas. (3) Kewenangan rapat umum pemegang saham dapat meretroaktifkan tindakan ultra vires Direksi dalam perseroan terbatas yang berkeadilan harus memberikan kewenangan bagi para pemegang saham untuk dapat mengajukan gugatan kepada Pengadilan Negeri, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 61 UUPT bahwa Setiap Pemegang Saham berhak mengajukan gugatan terhadap Perseroan ke Pengadilan Negeri apabila dirugikan karena tindakan Perseroan yang dianggap tidak adil dan tanpa alasan wajar sebagai akibat keputusan RUPS, Direksi, dan/atau Dewan Komisaris. Seorang Direksi bertanggung jawab secara pribadi
apabila melakukan tindakan yang di luar kewenangannya (ultra vires).
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Limited Liability Companies as legal subjects require organs to establish legal relations with third parties and to realize their existence in real terms to run a business.
Shareholders through their commissioners delegate their authority to the Board of Directors to run and develop the company. Actions by the Board of Directors that are not included in the objectives of the limited liability company, or actions that are beyond the ability to act by the limited liability company are classified as ultra vires acts. If a Director commits an ultra vires act in carrying out his duties, then the Director can be sued by the shareholders. The problems in this study include: (1) How is the regulation of the general meeting of shareholders to
retroactive the ultra vires actions of the current Board of Directors? (2) Why is the general meeting of shareholders to retroactive the ultra vires actions of the Board of Directors not yet fair? and (3) How is the authority of the general meeting of shareholders to retroactive the ultra vires actions of the Board of Directors in a limited liability company that is fair? This study uses an empirical normative legal research type, a study that uses secondary data as its main data, while primary data as supporting data. This study uses a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. The results of the study show that: (1) The regulation of the general meeting of shareholders to retroactive the ultra
vires actions of the Board of Directors is currently regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The provisions of Article 92 of the UUPT state that the Board of Directors carries out the management of the Company for the interests of the Company and in accordance with the intent and purpose of the Company. The Board of Directors in carrying out the management of the Company, both in and out of court, is
prohibited from carrying out ulta vires. (2) The General Meeting of Shareholders to retroactive the ultra vires actions of the Board of Directors is not fair because it is influenced by internal factors, there are no provisions that regulate expressly, specifically and specifically regarding
ultra vires actions carried out by the Board of Directors. While the external factor is that Indonesia does not accept the ultra vires doctrine, because there are no rules or norms in its legal system that determine it expressly. (3) The authority of the general meeting of shareholders to retroactive ultra vires actions of the Board of Directors in a limited liability company that is just must provide authority for shareholders to be able to file a lawsuit with
the District Court, as regulated in Article 61 of the UUPT that Every Shareholder has the right to file a lawsuit against the Company with the District Court if they are harmed by the Company's actions that are considered unfair and without reasonable grounds as a result of decisions of the GMS, Board of Directors, and/or Board of Commissioners. A Director is personally responsible if he/she takes actions that are beyond his/her authority (ultra vires).