ANALISIS HUBUNGAN HUKUM DOKTER DAN PASIEN BERDASARKAN PRINSIP BENEFICENCE DALAM TINDAKAN KEGAWATDARURATAN MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT YANG BERKEADILAN

Hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien dalam situasi gawat darurat medis merupakan sebuah arena kompleks melalui prinsip etis dan norma hukum saling berhadapan. Dokter pada satu sisi terikat oleh prinsip beneficence, sebuah panggilan nurani dan profesional untuk bertindak demi kebaikan pasien. Pada sisi lain, tindakan penyelamatan tersebut seringkali harus
dilakukan tanpa persetujuan tindakan kedokteran (informed consent) yang merupakan hak fundamental pasien. Kondisi ini menempatkan tindakan medis darurat dalam kerangka hukum
perbuatan sukarela (zaakwaarneming), sehingga melahirkan dilemaetis dan yuridis yang mendalam. Permasalahan daam penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Mengapa hubungan hukum dokter
dan pasien berdasarkan prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah sakit belum berkeadilan ? (2) Bagaimana pengaturan hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien berdasarkan prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah sakit saat ini ? (3) Bagaimana analisis hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien berdasarkan prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah sakit yang berkeadilan
? Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif empiris, suatu penelitian dengan menggunakan data sekunder sebagai data utama, sedangkan data primer sebagai data
penunjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-unndangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan sejarah, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa: (1) hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien berdasarkan
prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah sakit belum berkeadilan dipengaruhi faktor internal, yaitu: Kemampuan Dokter dan Pengetahuan Medis, Tindakan
medis dipengaruhi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman medis. Faktor Eksternal meliputi: risiko medis yang inheren dalam setiap tindakan, dan potensi ini perlu diminimalisir namun tidak dapat sepenuhnya dihilangkan. Kecelakaan yang tidak diinginkan merupakan kejadian di luar kendali langsung dokter atau pasien. (2) Pengaturan hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien berdasarkan prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, dan Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, serta Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor
290/MENKES/PER/III/2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran. Dalam kasus gawat darurat, tindakan segera untuk menyelamatkan nyawa didahulukan, sebelum proses informed
consent atau persetujuan tindakan medis dapat dilakukan. (3) Analisis hubungan hukum dokter dan pasien berdasarkan prinsip beneficence dalam tindakan kegawatdaruratan medis di rumah sakit yang berkeadilan diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, serta prinsip informed consent dan prinsip beneficence yang termuat dalam etika kedokteran dan hukum perdata.
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The legal relationship of doctors and patients in a medical emergency situation is a complex arena through ethical principles and legal norms facing each other. The doctor on one side is bound by the principle of benefit, a call of conscience and professional to act for the good of the patient. On the other hand, the rescue action must often be carried out without the approval of medical actions (informed consent) which is the patient's fundamental rights. This condition places an emergency medical action within the legal framework of voluntary acts (zaawaneming), so that giving birth to a deep dilemmet and juridical. Problems in this study include: (1) Why are the legal relationships of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency actions in hospitals have not been just? (2) What is the regulation of the legal relations of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency actions in the hospital today? (3) What is the analysis of the legal relationship of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency actions in a fair hospital? The research method uses empirical normative juridical research, a
study using secondary data as the main data, while primary data as supporting data. This study uses the statutory approach, conceptual approaches, historical approaches, and comparison approaches. The results showed that: (1) The legal relationship of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency actions in hospitals has not been just influenced by internal factors, namely: the ability of doctors and medical knowledge, medical actions are influenced by the development of science and medical experience. External factors include: Inherent medical risk in each action, and this potential needs to be minimized but cannot be completely eliminated. Unwanted accidents are events beyond the direct control of the doctor or patient. (2) The regulation of the legal relations of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency measures is regulated in Law Number 17 of
2023 concerning Health, and Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practices, as well as Minister of Health Regulation Number 290/Menkes/Per/III/2008 concerning Approval of
Medical Action. In the case of emergency department, immediate action to save lives take precedence, before the informed consent process or the approval of medical action can be carried out. (3) Analysis of the legal relations of doctors and patients based on the principle of benefits in medical emergency actions in a fair hospital regulated by Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practices, and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, as well as the principle of informed consent and the principle of benefits contained in medical ethics and civil law.